Shoveling Snow: Health and Safety Tips

How can we manage this wintertime responsibility safely?

Chilly Midwest winters often bring snow and the task of clearing our driveways and sidewalks. Let’s consider the risks of this activity and how it impacts our well-being. We’ll also identify some practical ways to reduce these risks and help keep you safe this winter.

Who Is Most Susceptible to Health and Safety Risks?

Senior Adults
As we age, our balance and coordination decline, increasing the likelihood of falls. Reduced bone density and muscle mass also mean a greater chance of fractures, strains, and sprains. Senior adults are also more prone to hypothermia and cardiovascular issues in cold weather.

Individuals with Pre-Existing Health Conditions
Individuals with chronic heart conditions, high blood pressure, or respiratory problems are at higher risk for health problems during intense winter weather activities. This is because cold weather causes our blood vessels to constrict, which increases the heart’s workload.

Inactive or Sedentary Individuals
People who don’t engage in physical activity are more likely to unintentionally overexert themselves. This can lead to muscle strain, heart, and respiratory problems.

Children
Younger children often lack the decision-making skills to ensure their safety. They may also lack the necessary physical strength and coordination to safely manage a shovel, thereby increasing their risk of injury.

Underprepared Individuals
Some individuals are not accustomed to cold climates. They may underestimate how quickly hypothermia or frostbite can set in. Those not dressed properly will be even more susceptible to cold weather conditions.

What Are the Most Common Health and Safety Risks?

Skeletal and Muscle Injury – Slippery surfaces hidden under snow commonly cause falls. These incidents can lead to bruises and fractures. They could also lead to more severe injuries like back and head trauma.
Frostbite and Hypothermia—Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can lead to frostbite and hypothermia. This can occur when shoveling takes longer than expected or if we fail to dress adequately for cold weather exposure.
Physical Exhaustion and Heart Attacks – Shoveling snow is physically demanding on our hearts, lungs, and muscles. It’s especially risky for individuals with existing heart conditions, as well as those who smoke, are obese, or typically inactive.

General Precautions

Wear proper winter gear, including layered clothing, a heavy waterproof coat, insulated gloves, boots, and ear covering. Limit your time outdoors during freezing conditions.
Don’t shovel snow alone. If you must complete this task alone, inform a neighbor or family member of your plan and ask them to check on you periodically.
Pace yourself while shoveling (15 minutes on, 15 minutes off). Avoid heavy lifting and take frequent breaks.
Stay hydrated. Dehydration can occur in cold weather. Rehydrate often and eat a balanced meal beforehand to fuel your activity.
Get Help. Consider delegating snow removal to others, using a snowblower, or hiring help.
Consult a healthcare provider if you anticipate strenuous activity like shoveling snow. Work with a consultant to increase your physical stamina prior to the winter season.
Supervise children closely to reduce their risk of cold exposure and accidents. Limit a child's snow removal activity to lighter tasks like brushing off steps.

Additional Safety Tips

Gently stretch to warm up and prepare your muscles and cardiovascular system before heading outside.
Use a lightweight, ergonomic shovel to reduce strain.
Push the snow rather than lift it. If you must lift, bend your knees, not your back.
Avoid overloading the shovel; take smaller scoops.
Stop immediately if you feel chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath. Seek medical attention if these symptoms begin or persist.
Take breaks indoors to warm up.
Avoid shoveling during extreme cold or windy conditions.

These precautions and tips can make shoveling snow safer and help you avoid unnecessary risks. The Moultrie County Health Department staff reminds you that your health and safety should always come first.